Buku Panduan Solana

Akun

Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah sistem akun

Membuat sistem akun (system account) yang dimiliki oleh System Programopen in new window. Solana runtime akan memberikan akses ke pemilik akun, akses untuk menulis ke dalam datanya sendiri dana mentransfer lamports. Ketika membuat sebuah account, kita harus mempersiapkan kapasitas penyimpanan tetap dalam bytes (space) dan lamports yang cukup untuk mencover rent. Rentopen in new window adalah biaya yang ditimbulkan untuk menjaga agar account tetap hidup di Solana.

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  SystemProgram,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const fromPubkey = Keypair.generate();

  // Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account
  const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    fromPubkey.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);

  // amount of space to reserve for the account
  const space = 0;

  // Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption
  const rentExemptionAmount =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space);

  const newAccountPubkey = Keypair.generate();
  const createAccountParams = {
    fromPubkey: fromPubkey.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: newAccountPubkey.publicKey,
    lamports: rentExemptionAmount,
    space,
    programId: SystemProgram.programId,
  };

  const createAccountTransaction = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccount(createAccountParams)
  );

  await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, createAccountTransaction, [
    fromPubkey,
    newAccountPubkey,
  ]);
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::system_instruction;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let from_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let from_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&from_keypair);

    match connection.request_airdrop(&from_pubkey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error requesting airdrop"),
    };

    let space = 0;
    let rent_exemption_amount = connection
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space)
        .unwrap();

    let new_account_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let new_account_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&new_account_keypair);

    let create_account_ix = system_instruction::create_account(
        &from_pubkey,
        &new_account_pubkey,
        rent_exemption_amount,
        space as u64,
        &from_pubkey,
    );

    let (recent_blockhash, _) = connection.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();

    let create_account_tx = solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_ix],
        Some(&from_pubkey),
        &[&from_keypair, &new_account_keypair],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    match connection.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_account_tx) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error creating system account"),
    };
}

Bagaimana cara mengkalkulasi biaya akun

Menjaga agar akun tetap hidup di Solana membutuhkan biaya penyimpanan yang disebut dengan rentopen in new window. Sebuah akun dapat dikecualikan sepenuhnya dari pungutan biaya rent apabila mendepositokan sekurang-kurangnya dua tahun biaya rent. Untuk kalkulasi, kita perlu mempertimbangkan jumlah data yang ingin disimpan di dalam akun.

import { Connection, clusterApiUrl } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // length of data in the account to calculate rent for
  const dataLength = 1500;
  const rentExemptionAmount =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(dataLength);
  console.log({
    rentExemptionAmount,
  });
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());
    let data_length = 1500;

    let rent_exemption_amount = connection
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(data_length)
        .unwrap();

    println!("rent exemption amount: {}", rent_exemption_amount);
}

solana rent 1500

Bagaimana cara membuat akun dengan seeds

Anda dapat menggunakan createAccountWithSeed untuk mengatur akun anda dibandingkan dengan membuat sejumlah keypair yang berbeda.

Generate

Press </> button to view full source
import { PublicKey, SystemProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  let basePubkey = new PublicKey(
    "G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"
  );
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  console.log(
    `${(
      await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId)
    ).toBase58()}`
  );
})();

use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let base_pubkey = Keypair::new().pubkey();
    let seed = "robot001";
    let program_id = solana_program::system_program::id();

    let derived_pubkey = Pubkey::create_with_seed(&base_pubkey, seed, &program_id).unwrap();

    println!("account pubkey: {:?}", derived_pubkey);
}

Create

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Transaction,
  Keypair,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
    )
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const base = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
    )
  );

  let basePubkey = base.publicKey;
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  let derived = await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId);

  const tx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccountWithSeed({
      fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // funder
      newAccountPubkey: derived,
      basePubkey: basePubkey,
      seed: seed,
      lamports: 1e8, // 0.1 SOL
      space: 0,
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
      feePayer,
      base,
    ])}`
  );
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_program::system_instruction;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let fee_payer_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let fee_payer_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&fee_payer_keypair);

    let base_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let base_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&base_keypair);

    let seed = "robot001";
    let program_id = solana_program::system_program::id();

    let derived_pubkey = Pubkey::create_with_seed(&base_pubkey, seed, &program_id).unwrap();

    match connection.request_airdrop(&fee_payer_pubkey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error requesting airdrop"),
    };

    let ix = system_instruction::create_account_with_seed(
        &fee_payer_pubkey,
        &derived_pubkey,
        &base_pubkey,
        seed,
        LAMPORTS_PER_SOL / 10,
        0,
        &program_id,
    );

    let (recent_blockhash, _) = connection.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();

    let tx = solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[ix],
        Some(&fee_payer_pubkey),
        &[&fee_payer_keypair, &base_keypair],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    match connection.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error creating account with seed"),
    };
}

Transfer

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Transaction,
  Keypair,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
    )
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const base = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
    )
  );

  let basePubkey = base.publicKey;
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  let derived = await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId);

  const tx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.transfer({
      fromPubkey: derived,
      basePubkey: basePubkey,
      toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey, // create a random receiver
      lamports: 0.01 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
      seed: seed,
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
      feePayer,
      base,
    ])}`
  );
})();

TIP

Hanya account yang dimiliki oleh system program dapat mentransfer melalui system program.

Bagaimana cara membuat PDAs

Program derived address(PDA)open in new window mirip dengan alamat normal dengan beberapa perbedaan:

  1. Tanpa kurva ed25519
  2. Menggunakan program untuk masuk dibandingkan dengan private key

Note: PDA accounts hanya dapat dibuat oleh program. Alamat dapat dibuat di client side.

TIP

Walaupun PDA diturunkan dari program id, itu tidak serta merta membuat PDA dimiliki oleh program yang sama. (Sebagai contoh, anda dapat menginisiasi PDA sebagai sebuah token account yang merupakan sebuah account yang dimiliki oleh token program)

Menghasilkan sebuah PDA

findProgramAddress akan menambah byte extra di akhir dari seed anda. findProgramAddress akan memulai dari 255 ke 0 dan mengembalikan public key yang pertama kali di luar kurva. Anda akan selalu mendapatkan hasil yang sama jika anda memberikan program id dan seed yang sama.

import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj"
  );

  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("test")],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);
  // you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.
  // It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is ["test" + bump]
})();

use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let program_id = Pubkey::from_str("G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj").unwrap();

    let (pda, bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[b"test"], &program_id);
    println!("pda: {}, bump: {}", pda, bump_seed);
}

Membuat sebuah PDA

Berikut adalah contoh program untuk membuat sebuah PDA account yang dimiliki oleh program dan contoh untuk memanggil program dengan client.

Program

Berikut ini adalah sebuah intruksi tunggal system_instruction::create_account yang membuat akun dengan data teralokasi sebesar space, rent_lamports sebesar jumlah lamports dari derived PDA. Ini di sign dengan PDA menggunakan invoke_signed seperti yang telah di diskusikan sebelumnya diatas.

Press </> button to view full source
use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, program::invoke_signed, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar}
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo], 
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let payer_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let pda_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let rent_sysvar_account_info = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

    // find space and minimum rent required for account
    let space = instruction_data[0];
    let bump = instruction_data[1];
    let rent_lamports = rent_sysvar_account_info.minimum_balance(space.into());

    invoke_signed(
        &system_instruction::create_account(
            &payer_account_info.key,
            &pda_account_info.key,
            rent_lamports,
            space.into(),
            program_id
        ),
        &[
            payer_account_info.clone(),
            pda_account_info.clone()
        ],
        &[&[&payer_account_info.key.as_ref(), &[bump]]]
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Client

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  PublicKey,
  TransactionInstruction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // program id
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN"
  );

  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // setup pda
  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [feePayer.publicKey.toBuffer()],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);

  const data_size = 0;

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
          isSigner: true,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: pda,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SystemProgram.programId,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
      ],
      data: Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([data_size, bump])),
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer])}`);
})();

Bagaimana cara untuk sign sebuah PDA

PDA hanya dapat di "sign" dalam lingkup program. Berikut adalah sebuah contoh program untuk "sign" dengan sebuah PDA dan memanggil program dari client.

Program

Instruksi tunggal berikut melakukan transfer SOL dari PDA yang di derive dari seed escrow ke akun. invoke_signed digunakan untuk sign dengan PDA.

Press </> button to view full source
use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, program::invoke_signed, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let pda_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let to_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let system_program_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

    // pass bump seed for saving compute budget
    let bump_seed = instruction_data[0];

    invoke_signed(
        &system_instruction::transfer(
            &pda_account_info.key,
            &to_account_info.key,
            100_000_000, // 0.1 SOL
        ),
        &[
            pda_account_info.clone(),
            to_account_info.clone(),
            system_program_account_info.clone(),
        ],
        &[&[b"escrow", &[bump_seed]]],
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Client

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  PublicKey,
  TransactionInstruction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // program id
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6"
  );

  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // setup pda
  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("escrow")],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);

  // require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program
  const pdaAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    pda,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(pdaAirdropSignature);

  // create a random `to`
  const to = Keypair.generate();
  console.log(`receiver: ${to.publicKey.toBase58()}`);

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: pda,
          // Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.
          // It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: to.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SystemProgram.programId,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
      ],
      data: Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([bump])),
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer])}`);
})();

Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Program Akun

Mendapatkan semua akun yang dimiliki oleh sebuah program. Refer ke guides section untuk informasi lebih lanjut seputar getProgramAccounts dan konfigurasinya.

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const MY_PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey(
    "6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"
  );
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const accounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(MY_PROGRAM_ID);

  console.log(`Accounts for program ${MY_PROGRAM_ID}: `);
  console.log(accounts);

  /*
  // Output

  Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U:  
  [
    {
      account: {
        data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc>,
        executable: false,
        lamports: 1064880,
        owner: [PublicKey],
        rentEpoch: 228
      },
      pubkey: PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a>
      }
    },
    {
      account: {
        data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd>,
        executable: false,
        lamports: 1064880,
        owner: [PublicKey],
        rentEpoch: 229
      },
      pubkey: PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669>
      }
    }
  ]
  */
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let program_id = Pubkey::from_str("6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U").unwrap();
    let accounts = connection.get_program_accounts(&program_id).unwrap();

    println!("accounts for {}, {:?}", program_id, accounts);
}

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getProgramAccounts", "params":["6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"]}
'

# Output
# {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":228},"pubkey":"9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd"},{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":229},"pubkey":"5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr"}],"id":1}

Bagaimana Cara Menutup Akun

Anda bisa menutup akun (termasuk menghapus semua data yang di simpan) dengan cara menghilangkan semua SOL. (refer ke rentopen in new window untuk info lebih lanjut)

Program

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use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let source_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let dest_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

    let dest_starting_lamports = dest_account_info.lamports();
    **dest_account_info.lamports.borrow_mut() = dest_starting_lamports
        .checked_add(source_account_info.lamports())
        .unwrap();
    **source_account_info.lamports.borrow_mut() = 0;

    let mut source_data = source_account_info.data.borrow_mut();
    source_data.fill(0);

    Ok(())
}

Client

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import {
  Keypair,
  Connection,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  TransactionInstruction,
  PublicKey,
  clusterApiUrl,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async function () {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // remember to deploy your program first
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz"
  );

  // 1. create an account to your program
  let newAccount = Keypair.generate();
  console.log(`new account: ${newAccount.publicKey.toBase58()}`);

  let createNewAccountTx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccount({
      fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
      newAccountPubkey: newAccount.publicKey,
      lamports: 1e8, // 0.1 SOL
      space: 10, // a random value
      programId: programId,
    })
  );
  console.log(
    `create account txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(
      createNewAccountTx,
      [feePayer, newAccount]
    )}`
  );

  // 2. close your account
  let closeAccountTx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: newAccount.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
      ],
      programId: programId,
    })
  );
  console.log(
    `close account txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(closeAccountTx, [
      feePayer,
    ])}`
  );
})();

Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Balance Akun

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import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  let wallet = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  console.log(
    `${(await connection.getBalance(wallet)) / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`
  );
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let wallet = Pubkey::from_str("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY").unwrap();
    let balance = connection.get_balance(&wallet).unwrap();

    println!(
        "The account {}, has {} SOL ",
        wallet,
        balance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
    );
}

from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solana.rpc.api import Client

client = Client("https://api.devnet.solana.com")

key_pair = Keypair()
public_key = key_pair.pubkey()

print(client.get_balance(public_key))

// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium

#include "solana.hpp"

using namespace many::solana;

int main() {
  Connection connection("https://api.devnet.solana.com");

  auto key_pair = Keypair::generate();

  auto public_key = key_pair.public_key;
  std::cout << "public_key = " << public_key.to_base58() << std::endl;

  uint64_t balance = connection.get_balance(public_key).unwrap();
  std::cout << "balance = " << balance << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

TIP

Jika kita mau mendapatkan token balance, kita harus mengetahui alamat dari sebuah token akun. Untuk info lebih lanjut, lihat Token References

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